1. INNER TANK sizes:  internal: 1’.2” feet height, 1’.2” feet width, 3’.4” feet length including a perforated stand for cubes height

2. Extra heating elements two pieces, along with standard 2 heating elements installed. 6 KW

3. OUTER BOX sizes: 1’.4” feet height excluding the door thickness.,  1’.6” feet width 3’.8” feet length.  

1. INNER TANK sizes:  internal: 1’.2” feet height, 2’.2” feet width, 3’.4” feet length including a perforated stand for cubes height

2. Extra heating elements three pieces, along with standard 3 heating elements installed. 9 KW

3. OUTER BOX sizes: 1’.4” feet height excluding the door thickness,  2’.6” feet width 3’.8” feet length.

1. INNER TANK sizes:  internal: 2” feet height, 2’.2” feet width, 3’.4” feet length including a perforated stand for cubes height

2. Extra heating elements three pieces, along with standard 3 heating elements installed.

3. OUTER BOX sizes: 2’.2” feet height excluding the door.,  2’.6”  feet width 3’.8” feet length,

The dissolution medium for each drug is available in the individual drug monograph. For basic drugs, acidic media are used (e.g., 0.1 M hydrochloric acid) while alkaline media are used for acidic drugs (e.g., alkaline buffers). For drugs with non-ionizing molecules, water is recommended.

The dissolution rate test is performed at 37 ± 1oC. Samples are removed from the dissolution chamber at periodic intervals and analyzed for drug content using a spectrophotometer. Dissolution samples removed for assay should be filtered to remove particles of drugs present, and to exclude tablet excipients that might otherwise interfere with the assay. Non-absorbent filter papers are recommended.

Most commonly, the results of dissolution tests are expressed in terms of the time required to release some percentage of the labeled amount of drug from the dosage form. This approach is reported to be particularly useful for quality control purposes once the dissolution characteristics of a drug and dosage form are well understood. For tablet dosage form design purposes, and for critical product comparison, however, the time required for substantially complete 80 to 90% release or amount released versus time profiles is the most desired approach.

While in vitro dissolution experiments may not correlate perfectly with in vivo bioavailability, the concept of dissolution efficiency proposed by Kahn and Rhodes could be employed to assess the most probable in vivo performance of a tablet formulation. The dissolution test is not designed to measure the efficacy or safety of the tablet being tested. Both the effectiveness and safety of a specific dosage form must be demonstrated, initially, by means of appropriate in vivo studies and clinical evaluation.

1. Physiochemical properties of the drug:

a. Polymorphic form: A metastable form of a solid has higher solubility and dissolution compared to its stable counterpart.

b. Particle size: The smaller the particle size of a solid, the larger the particle surface area and the higher the dissolution.

c. Salt form: A salt form of a drug has a higher aqueous solubility compared to its conjugate acid or base, as well as higher dissolution.

d. Hydrates versus anhydrates: The anhydrous form shows higher dissolution than hydrates due to their solubility differences.

2. Factors related to tablet manufacturing:

a. The amount and type of binder can affect the hardness, disintegration, and dissolution of tablets.

b. The method of granulation, granule size, and size distribution can affect tablet dissolution.

c. The concentration and type of disintegrants used, as well as the method of their addiction, can affect disintegration and dissolution.

d. Compression load can influence the density, porosity, hardness, disintegration, and dissolution of tablets.

3. Factors related to the method of dissolution study:

Composition of the dissolution medium, pH, ionic strength, and viscosity.

Type of dissolution equipment.

Temperature of the medium.

Volume of dissolution medium.

Intensity of agitation.

Sink or nonsink conditions (under a sink condition, the concentration of the drug should not exceed 10 – 15 % of its maximum solubility in the dissolution medium in use). Sensitivity of analytical method used to determine drug concentration in the release medium.

Read Also: Quality Control Requirements for Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Non-Pharmacopoeial or Non-Official Tests

These are tests that are performed on tablets and which are not listed in official compendia and concern a variety of quality attributes that need to be evaluated, such as the porosity of tablets, hardness or crushing strength test, friability test, tensile strength determination, thickness test, etc.

Some of these tests have no officially set limits for acceptance or rejection and thus may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and from formulation to formulation.

Crushing strength and friability appeared in the 2001 Edition of British Pharmacopoeia (Appendix A324). There was however no definite set limits. The two tests are, therefore, here considered under non-pharmacopoeial tests.

Tablet Hardness or Crushing Strength Test

This measures the degree of force (in kilograms, pounds, or in arbitrary units) needed to fracture a tablet. Besides the concentration of binders used and the compression force, the hardness of a tablet depends on

i. The characteristics of the granules to be compressed e.g., hardness and deformation under load.

ii. The type and concentration of lubricant used and

iii. The space between the upper and lower punches at the time of compression.

The crushing strength of tablets is usually checked using Monsanto or Stokes hardness tester, Strong-Cobb hardness tester, and the Pfizer crushing strength tester. All are manually used. So, the strain rate depends on the operator.

Currently, electrically driven hardness testers such as those manufactured by SOTAX, Key, Van Kel, Erweka, Dr. Schleuniger Pharmatron, etc., are widely used to measure the crushing strength of tablets.

This equipment eliminates the operator variability encountered with manual hardness testers. Newer equipment with printers is also available.

A force of about 4 kg is considered the minimum requirement for a satisfactory tablet. Measurement is usually carried out using a minimum of ten tablets.

It has been found that a linear relationship exists between crushing strength and the logarithm of compressional force, except at high forces.

The strength of a cylindrical flat-faced tablet can be expressed as tensile strength (Ts). This can be calculated as follows:

Where F is the force needed to fracture a cylindrical flat-faced tablet of thickness t along its diameter D.

Friability Test:

This measures the resistance of tablets or granules to abrasion or fracture. The idea behind this test is to mimic the kind of forces, caused by phenomena such as collisions and sliding of tablets towards each other, which a tablet is subjected to during coating, packaging, handling, and shipping.

A minimum of 20 tablets are dedusted, weighed, and subjected to a uniform tumbling motion for a specified time. They are then deducted and reweighed.

The measure of abrasion/ friability loss is usually expressed as a percentage loss in weight. It is calculated from the equation:

The test is rejected if any tablet caps, laminates or breaks up in course of the test. As a rule of thumb, a maximum weight loss of not more than 1% generally is considered acceptable for most pharmaceutical products.

Values of up to 2% or above have been reported in direct compression formulations. The friability of tablets may be influenced by moisture content. Chewable tablets show a high friability weight loss compared to conventional compressed tablets.

A number of instruments are available for friability tests but the most popular and most reliable is the Roche Friabilator.

Tablet Thickness:

Tablet thickness is determined by the diameter of the die, the amount of fill permitted to enter the die cavity, the compaction characteristics of the fill material, and the force or pressure applied during compression. To manufacture tablets of uniform thickness during and between batch productions for the same formulation, care must be exercised to employ the same factors of fill, die, and pressure.

The degree of pressure affects not only the thickness but also the hardness of the tablet; hardness is perhaps the more important criterion since it can affect disintegration and dissolution. Thus, for tablets of uniform thickness and hardness, it is doubly important to control pressure. Tablet thickness also becomes an important characteristic in packing operations and in counting tablets using filling equipment which uses the uniform thickness of the tablets as a counting mechanism.

Read Also: Quality Control Tests for Capsule Drug Products

Tablet thickness is measured with a vernier caliper, thickness gauge or automated equipment (Automatic weight, hardness, thickness, and tablet diameter test instrument). The thickness of a tablet should be controlled within ±5% variation of a standard value depending on the size of the tablet. Other non-pharmacopoeial tests include measurement of tablet diameter, porosity, liquid penetration, mechanical strength, and density.

Specifications: All the above are provided by Veego Instruments.

The new indigenous diaphragm pumps feature improved performance data and superior vapor tolerance. Diaphragms have especially long lives and seal the drive space from the pumping chamber to protect mechanical parts from corrosion.

Our diaphragm pumps are an excellent solution for continuous, oil-free pumping of corrosive gases and vapors. Chemically resistant and eco-friendly diaphragm pumps are resistant to aggressive solvents and acidic vapors which makes them a handy product to use in chemically rich environments.

The diaphragm pumps achieve distinctively high performance compared to other types of pumps because of the high pumping chamber volume relative to the minimal dead space. The lack of abrasion also eliminates most particulate impurities that are frequently generated inside of other types of pumps such as scroll or piston pumps.

The two-stage construction provides an advantageous combination of high pumping speed and low ultimate vacuum. The diaphragms and gas contacting parts consist of PTFE, PTFE Compounds, and ceramic compounds.

Well-proven PTFE sandwich diaphragms are used for increased reliability and extended operating life. The vacuum processes run more effectively and is reproducible. The additional pressure reduction allows the distillation of gas mixtures almost automatically and without fractionated operation.  

Features:

● Has outstanding chemical resistance and superior

● Comes with vapor tolerance

● Gives high performance even at low vacuum levels

● Provides optimized vacuum even with gas ballast

● Is whisper quiet and has low vibrations

● Has a long diaphragm line

● It's a maintenance-free drive system

RE-2 rotary evaporator is designed for purification and distillation tests. It rotates and shapes a thin film in negative pressure conditions by heating and condensing. The waste solvent is collected in a separate container which can be reused later. Through our RE-2 rotary evaporator, products can be transformed into system devices.

Features:

● Comes with an integrated Combi-Clip

● Equipped with an LED rotation speed setting

● Comes with an electronic speed control rotation drive

● Equipped with a vapor tube that can be easily removed for cleaning purposes

● Flexible bath positioning, with a safety protection switch to avoid overheating

● Sealing Ring: Graphite-filled PTFE

● Ceramic-coated heating bath

● Manual lift type

● Equipped with a secondary protection cut-off switch

Technical Specifications:  

● Description          RE2

● Lift Type   Manual

● Condenser Type  Vertical/Horizontal

● Rotation Speed (RPM)     20-320

● Vapor Tube  Single piece with Sleeve for Easy Removal

● Integrated Combi-Clip     Yes

● Suitable flask size (ml)     50-5000 ml

● Rotation speed setting    LED Display

● Motor Power (W)           60

● Heating Capacity (W)     1300

● Total Power (W)  1360

● Temperature Range (˚C) 20 – 210

● Temperature Accuracy (˚C)         1

● Overheat Protection       Safety cutoff over +5 (oC)

● Temperature Setting       Digital LED

● Temperature Control     Electronic PID Control

● Secondary Protection Cutoff       250˚C

● Material Heating Bath     Ceramic Coated / SS316L

● Volume Heating bath (L) 4.5L - Dia 255mm Suitable 50- 5000ml

● Bath Position       Flexible to extend to suit flask size

● Sealing ring          Graphite filled PTFE

● Power Supply      230 VAC, 50Hz

Advantages:

● Fitted with a water level indicating device.

● Optional constant water level device.

● A removable flat drop-on lid for concentric rings enables the bath to be used for other work also.

● Double-walled, insulated, full stainless-steel construction.

● Concentric rings in steps of 25 and 50 mm ID molded from industrial grade non-corrosive material.

● A precise Digital Temperature Indicator cum Controller having resolution and control accuracy of ± 1°C in the digital model.

Features:

● Has outstanding chemical resistance and superior

● Comes with vapor tolerance

● Gives high performance even at low vacuum levels

● Provides optimized vacuum even with gas ballast

● Is whisper quiet and has low vibrations

● Has a long diaphragm line

● It's a maintenance-free drive system

RT 05025 RECIRCULATION CHILLER (COLD WATER Bath)

Aditya recirculating chillers are the ideal solution when you need precise temperature control or cooling below ambient temperature. Our recirculating chillers offer outstanding performance and high reliability as well as quiet operation and ease of use.

The circulation chiller is specially designed for simple thermostatic tasks below 0 °C. Thanks to its extremely compact construction and small footprint, it fits anywhere. The temperature range of RT 05025 is from -15 °C to ambient and for RT 08025 is from -20 °C to ambient with a temperature stability of ±0.5 C. These models are much more suitable for laboratories.

For industrial usage, RT 25025 will be suitable. For more details on RT 25025 click here. These economical models of recirculating chillers are incorporated with magnetic drive circulation pumps which gives a leakproof circulation system. Aditya RT Series chillers are used in laboratories for rotary evaporators and distillation systems for efficient and fast heat dissipation.

Features:

●           Always maintain the cooling temperature and the pressure constant

●           It avoids all types of leakages

●           Very easy to operate

●           Has a smart LED display

●           Provides independent cooling cycle

Technical Specifications:  

Working temperature range* °C        -15  to 20

Temperature stability ±°C                   0.1

Cooling capacity at 0 °C watts           500

Pump pressure max. bar                      0.7

Pump flow max. L/min                        12

Heating Capacity watts                        N/A

Bath  Capacity L                                   4.5

Since the objectives determine the image quality that the microscope can produce, it makes sense to start with the one that will eliminate most optical aberrations. Types include plan achromat, semi-apochromatic, and apochromatic, as well as water and oil objectives.

Depending on your application, additional features to look for may include high numeric apertures, long working distances, objectives that permit multimode imaging, digital and advanced motorization capabilities, and updated illumination systems.

Specifications: available in various designs, including Digital models.

Applications of laboratory microscopes:

The goal of any laboratory microscope is to produce clear, high-quality images, whether an optical microscope, which uses light to generate the image, a scanning or transmission electron microscope (using electrons), or a scanning probe microscope (using a probe). Upright microscopes are the most common type, with the lighting system below the stage and the lens system above; inverted microscopes, particularly useful for cell culture, reverse this configuration. Applications include biotechnology, pharmaceutical research, nanophysics, microelectronics, and geology.

Commonly used compound microscopes are usually binocular (two eyepieces) and use multiple lenses to produce a 2-D image. They can achieve a maximum of about 1500X magnification and are popular for use in biology and in forensic labs. Stereo microscopes offer 3-D viewing at lower magnification and are available in fixed and zoom variations. Digital microscopes eliminate eyepieces, combining optics with a CCD camera to view images on a computer screen.

Techniques range from simple brightfield to darkfield, phase contrast, differential interference contrast, confocal (useful for thick specimens), and fluorescence microscopy, which continues to prove its value in areas such as cell biology, genetics, and embryology. The use of polarized light in polarizing microscopes results in increased image contrast.

Ultrasonic cleaning is extremely effective at removing dirt and grime which would normally require tedious manual cleaning by hand. It has been used to clean a wide variety of instruments and mechanical parts such as carburetors, returning them to almost "like new" conditions without damage to delicate parts.

Salient Features:

●       Inner Tank & Outer body made of Stainless Steel

●       Digital RED LED display

●       Temperature with timer function

●       Ceramic heaters provide an improved heating effect

●       Drainage and cool fan available in 6L to 25L

●       Overheat protector, Cooling fan

●       Moisture-proof PCB

●       User friendly  

High-performance transducers.

For working temperatures up to 300-400 Celsius, use plates made of aluminum. They have excellent thermal conductivity. The larger they are, the better the temperature uniformity in them. Temperature uniformity improves as you get closer to the center of the plate because the edges of the plate have heat leakage. 

The temperature of aluminum hot plates is limited to 370 degrees Celsius, above 400 degrees Celsius the aluminum begins to deform. For working temperatures up to 400-500 degrees Celsius, use plates made of iron or plates made of ceramic glass.

The processing of iron plates is less smooth than that of ceramic glass plates. Ceramic glass is resistant to chemicals but can break as a result of mechanical blows. For working temperatures up to 600 Celsius work with titanium plates.

The larger the hot plate, the larger the work area and the higher the power consumption.

The size of the small plates: 115 * 115 mm, 175 * 175 mm

The size of the medium-hot plates: 250 * 250 mm, 250 * 500 mm, 300 * 300 mm, 115 * 600 mm

And the size of the giant heating plates for the lab: 400 * 600 mm, 600 * 600 mm.

The huge plates have high power consumption and require a three-phase power supply. The plates can be ordered with separate temperature control. And plates with custom dimensions can be produced on demand.  

Temperature controlling different aspects:  

Digital temperature control will allow precise temperature control of a single degree, the option to set a heating rate, the option for a timer, option for computer communication.

An analog thermostat when temperature accuracy is not important.  

External temperature tracker: There is a difference between the temperature of the plates and the temperature of the media or the part that rests on the plates. Because the temperature sensor is inside the plates and measures the temperature of the plates, the temperature of the liquid or part placed on it is lower than the temperature of the plates.  

Safety controller for overheating protection - Another independent control circuit that will switch off the heating in the event of a fault in the main control circuit. Add safety controller in long processes at nights and weekends when plate works unattended.  

Special Temperature programmer -Determining a temperature profile -Program or multiple programs with several segments of different temperatures.  

Temperature uniformity

The temperature uniformity of the plate can be checked with a temperature meter and a surface tracker A surface tracker makes good contact with the measured area because it is thin, wide, and springy and allows the user to check the temperature at different points of the plate to find out its temperature uniformity. As you move away from the edges of the hot plate towards the inside of the hot plate, the temperature uniformity improves. If you want to check the temperature uniformity over time at several points on the hot plate, use a data logger of several measurement channels.  

Special Hot Plates for the Laboratory

If working with aggressive chemicals and depending on the use made of the plate, the plate can be coated with Teflon or anodized. Copper Hot plates can be produced, Lab Hot plates can be produced with water cooling or cooling of liquid nitrogen.  

Precautions When Working with a Hotplate

Keep away from flammable materials - because the braces are exposed, the workers should be warned, and it is even advisable to hang a careful sign. It is advisable to work with gloves designed to work in the heat and with forceps.  

Specifications: available in various sizes and heating

Magnetic Stirrer

Magnetic Stirrer Working Principle and Uses

Agitation and stirring processes are used in all chemical and biological laboratories in various shapes and sizes. Irrespective of the specific application or process that is being performed, the researchers or technicians need to use the best laboratory equipment for the job to make sure the results are consistent. The wrong agitation process leads to inaccurate results; that's why it is very much crucial to understand agitation options as per the application. For the agitation, various options are available. Among them, magnetic stirrer hot plates, and overhead stirrers are widely used.

What is a magnetic stirrer?

Magnetic stirrers use a rotating magnetic field to move a stir bar around in liquid samples, and some are coupled with stirring hot plate. The movement of this stir bar mixes the samples thoroughly with rapid movement and agitation. The user controls the magnetic field's speed, so it can be customized to the specific sample that's being stirred. These stirrers should be used with glass or other non-metal beakers to prevent interference with the magnetic field.

How does it work?

A stir bar magnet is placed inside a container, immersed in the fluid. A separate magnet is placed underneath the container so that it attracts the stir bar magnet. The lower magnet is usually attached to a motor that spins it. If the magnets are close enough, the stir bar magnet spins inside the container. Depending on the application, you can configure your magnetic stirrer with hot plates to heat your samples as they are stirred. With the use of a hot plate stirrer, you can mix a wide variety of samples for different applications.

Magnetic Stirrers vs Overhead Stirrers

Aside from magnetic stirrers, the samples can be mixed using motor power overhead stirrers. The overhead stirrers can handle larger volumes of liquid samples and/or high viscous liquids. Magnetic stirrers, on the other hand, can mix samples in a sealed container and samples can be heated more evenly by magnetic stirrer hot plates.

Types of Magnetic Stirrers

The magnetic stirrers are classified according to the size, configuration and applications. The digital hotplate stirrers are available to monitor the temperature and rotations per minute (RPM) accurately. The best magnetic stirrer hot plate should be able to mix the viscus solutions efficiently and should not uncouple the bar from drive magnet.

Magnetic Mini Stirrer

The laboratory magnetic stirrers are compact and occupy less space in the laboratory, consist of electronic controls that allow the user to regulate the speed with greater precision. It is resistive to hazardous and corrosive chemicals in the lab. The speed regulator in the stirrer controls the RPM.

Magnetic Stirrer with Timer

Magnetic stirrer with timer helps to automatically shut off the motor after the specific period. An in-built timer will off the stirrer once the pre-selected period has completed.

Heavy-Duty Magnetic Stirrers

The heavy-duty magnetic stirrers come with high mixing capacity. They also have good chemical resistance and are highly durable. They can be the best choice instrument for the laboratory to achieve accurate results. Heating magnetic stirrers are essential for most of the chemical reactions.

Battery Powered Magnetic Stirrer

They can be used where there is no electricity supply or other sensitive areas. They work with batteries and are mostly used in incubators and consist of rubber feet for stabilization.

Air Operated Turbine Magnetic Stirrer

Air operated turbine magnetic stirrer is a perfect instrument for mixing liquid up to 1 liter of solution. It uses a low-pressure air supply to power this magnetic stirrer. The critical aspect of this magnetic stirrer is that it eradicates the sparking hazard from electrical sources. 

Uses of Magnetic Stirrers

The primary use of magnetic stirrer or hot plate with magnetic stirrer is to conduct biological and chemical experiments by mixing two components. It is equally suitable for solids or liquid samples to obtain a consistent liquid mixture. Examples include media for bacterial growth and chemical synthesis.

Specifications: available in various sizes and heating and stirring speeds.

Our company makes these machines in various temperature ranges and chamber sizes. Each unit is made with rugged construction and equipped with easy to use controller system and safety devices. Standard models of our muffle furnaces come with maximum temperature range 1200°C, 1400°C, 1700°C and 1800°C.

● Temperature range: In muffle furnace, there is a maximum temperature range and a continuous working temperature range. Our standard models are made with maximum temperatures of 1100°C and 1400°C with working temperatures of 1000°C and 1300° respectively. ●        Heating Element: In muffle furnaces 1100°C imported Kanthal A-1 resistive wire heating elements are used; while in 1400°C high-temperature muffle furnaces, we use silicon carbide rods and MoSi2 (Molybdenum Disilicide) for 1600°C, and 1800°C.

● Heating Zone: The heating zone is the most crucial part of any muffle furnace. For the 1100°C machine, we make a heating chamber of ceramic fiber board and for 1400°C Ceramic Zirconium board is used. High-density Ceramic fiber blanket is used as insulation to keep the outer surface at a minimum temperature.

● Controller: As standard microprocessor based PID temperature controller is fitted in each muffle furnace; in addition, we also use programmable profile temperature controller having 30 steps for ramp rate and soak time. These controllers feature excellent accuracy during the entire cycle and keep displaying set value (SV) and process value (PV).

● Construction: These laboratory furnaces are built on a thick steel frame. Outer cabinet is usually made of powder coated cold roll sheet. We also make GMP muffle furnaces with all stainless steel 304 grade sheets.

● Optional Accessories: We also equip your programmable muffle furnace with choice of accessories to meet specific requirement of our clients. These accessories are PLC based HMI controller with data logging and PID controller with RS232 computer interface. Steel tong and gloves are standard accessories and supplied with every muffle furnace.

If you want to buy any standard or customized model or know muffle furnace price, please email us your query.

FEATURES & BENEFITS

●        Available in 1100°C, 1400°C, 1600°C & 1800°C temperature

●        Programmable (profile) temperature controller

●        Excellent temperature accuracy & uniformity

●        Imported heating elements

●        Rugged construction for the long run

●        Fitted with safety devices

●        Customization as per user requirement

MODE OF HEATING :

Our cod Digester is specially designed as per IS & ASTM standards and suitable for 15- tubes or 24 tubes. COD digester is used for a chemical oxygen demand method for monitoring wastewater influence and industrial process water. Digester block made from high-quality Aluminum or S.S The Cod Digester is provided with highly insulated between block & exterior which is made from G.I powder coated or M.S powder coated finish. The Cod Digester is equipped with a microprocessor-based PID controller with dual display seven segments four-digit digital controller cum indicator with a timer of 120 minutes with an alarm. The digester block is suitable for 38 mm diameter tubes and 600 mm height air condenser.

APPLICATIONS :

1. Chemical Oxygen Demand Digester Designed for digestion of COD test samples and multi-function dry bath heating.

2. Precise temperature control from ambient +5 °C to 150 °C with ±1 °C accuracy.

3. User’s self-compensation functions for the temperature to counter for the difference between block temperature and sample temperature.

4. Fitted with Microprocessor Based Digital Temperature

5. Indicator cum Controller for auto control with respect to time and temperature and is also fitted with an in-built buzzer timer for auto time control to indicate cycle end.

6. Microprocessor Based Digital Temperature Indicator cum Controller having dual four-digit seven-segment digital display for set value and process value.

7. Recessed well/cavity accommodates aluminum or S.S. insert block.

8. Samples after being digested for 2 hours can be analyzed using a calorimeter or conventional titration method.

●  TEMPERATURE CONTROL / RANGE:

1. Temperature Range: +5°C form ambient to 150 °C/ 250°C/ 450°C (As per model & application)

2. Temperature Sensitivity: +/- 1° c or better.

3. Resolution: 0.1° C  

The diffraction grating is internationally sourced with 1200 lines/mm with high-efficiency coating which provides enhanced life of the optics. Also, the detectors are paired by characterization, (in double beam Czerny-Turner configuration) in-house which enhances the results. These detectors are manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, the best in the Industry.

Features:

● Inbuilt Windows 10-based PC with high resolution multi-point capacitive screen

● Inbuilt Wi-Fi support. Run analysis from Laptop, Tablet without connecting any wire!

● Variable spectral bandwidth from 0.1nm up to 4.0nm

● Free CFR21 part 11 analysis software with a server-client architecture

● Sign PDF results digitally directing within the application using the DST key

● Auto wavelength selection and correction based on D2 peaks

● Individual control over D2 and Visible lamps to extend the lifetime

● Pre-aligned optics allow easy lamp change operation

● High-performance optical parts like mirrors, beam splitters, lenses

● Large sample compartment to accommodate various path-length cuvettes

● Configurable scan wavelength from 0.1nm to 5nm for accurate/faster analysis

● Analysis applications support the following modes:

o Photometric

o Quantization

o Multi-wavelength

o Scan Spectrum

o Time scan Kinetics

o DNA/Protein analysis

o Cloud Analyst based downloadable tests like

▪ Floride

▪ Nitrate

▪ Boron

▪ Iron

● Perform analysis on your Android-based mobile/tablet using Bluetooth*

Specifications: all models available from Motras Scientific Instruments

This titrator eliminates the use of conventional delicate and fragile glass burettes and plunger systems. This titrator analysis the moisture concentration of liquid samples, powder, fine particles, and fiber samples that are soluble in alcohol or solvents.

The moisture content is displayed in ppm, %age, and mg H2O. The system has 20 soft-touch membrane-type keys for ease of operation. A complete numeric keypad is provided to feed the values of sample, density, titrator factor, date, time, etc. comfortably.

The endpoint indication is given by both visual and audible alarms. The titrator has the facility for automatically calculating the titrator factor of the Karl Fischer reagent. It has the storage facility of date, time, batch no., and final results of 20 titrations using the FIFO method. Provision for external printer attachment is available so that any of the stored results can be printed even at a later stage.

Features:-

● Auto Computation of Moisture in ppm, %& mg H2O.

● Storage of Date, Time, Batch No., and Final Results

● Graphical 128×64 LCD Display

● Motorized Dispensing

● External PC Interface Facility

Specifications: All other models and equipment from SYSTONICS

Overview of Ball MillsAs shown in the adjacent image, a ball mill is a type of grinding machine that uses balls to grind and remove material. It consists of a hollow compartment that rotates along a horizontal or vertical axis. It’s called a “ball mill” because it’s literally filled with balls. Materials are added to the ball mill, at which point the balls knock around inside the mill.

How a Ball Mill WorksBall mills work by using balls to grind materials. Materials such as iron ore, paint, and ceramics are added to the ball mill. Next, the ball mill is activated so that it rotates — either on its vertical or horizontal axis. As the ball mill rotates, the balls bounce around while striking the enclosed material. The force of these strikes helps to grind the material into a finer, less-coarse medium.

For a ball mill to work, critical speed must be achieved. Critical speed refers to the speed at which the enclosed balls begin to rotate along the inner walls of the ball mill. If a ball mill fails to reach critical speed, the balls will remain stationary at the bottom where they have little or no impact on the material.

Ball Mills vs Traditional Milling MachinesBall mills differ from traditional milling machines in several ways. First, ball mills don’t have a cutting tool. While traditional milling machines rely on a rotary cutting tool, ball mills leverage the force of moving balls to perform their operation. As a result, they don’t need a cutting tool.

Another difference between ball mills and traditional milling machines lies in their respective function. Both ball mills and traditional milling machines are designed to remove material. However, traditional milling machines support large workpieces, whereas ball bills support materials like ore, ceramics and paint. The material is added to the ball mill’s compartment, at which point it’s exposed to the rotating balls. This forceful rotation grinds down the material into a finer, powder-like medium.

PM 100 planetary ball mill

Produces constant high speed for high final fineness

Grinding jars from 12 to 500 mL

Reproducible results

Multi-language GUI

The PM 100 planetary ball mill is a benchtop unit designed to pulverize soft, fibrous, and brittle materials. The mill develops extremely high centrifugal forces resulting in energy input that is up to 50% higher than in other planetary ball mills. It has a single grinding station for grinding jars with a nominal volume of 12 to 500 mL and can achieve a final fineness of <1 µm.  The unit can store up to 10 combinations of speed, grinding time, and interval settings for use with repetitive grinding tasks. All relevant data can be entered or called up via the multi-language graphic menu interface with a one-button operation.  

The PM 100's offers automatic grinding chamber ventilation for grinding with solvents. Extraction fan exchanges air at a per-hour rate of more than 20 times the chamber volume. The single-station mill features a counterweight that can be adjusted on an inclined guide rail. The counterweight allows for compensation when using the different size grinding jars with differing centers of gravity and avoiding oscillations of the machine. PM 100 can accommodate two stacked grinding jars. The "comfort" range of grinding jars has been designed for extreme working conditions such as long-term trials, wet grinding, high mechanical loads, and maximum speeds as well as for mechanical alloying.

All other models and different bands available with us